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Osteoarthritis of the knee joint

Osteoarthritis of the knee joint – specific, which has harmful effects on the hryaschik of the knee joint disease. When it comes the emergence of this disease, the doctors are watching a serious disturbance in the processes of circulation in the bone blood vessels, as a result of what is happening deformation and destruction of cartilage, a person feels a strong, chilling all his movements of legs, knee pain, watching the swelling and change your mind to the knees.

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What's going on with the joint of the knee in osteoarthritis?

Swiftly the cartilage plays a significant role in the process of human movement and is smooth, elastic and rigid washer, through which the articulated bones to freely move relatively to each other, and also happens shock absorption and load distribution when walking.

But when regular excessive load, genetic predisposition, disruption of metabolism in the body, long muscular cramps and trauma the cartilage loses its smoothness and starts to thin. Thinning of cartilage leads to narrowing of the distance between the articulated bones of up to 80%. During the walk due to abnormal friction and lack of silencers destructive processes in the joint are rapidly growing in numbers, it quickly sees to the development of third degree of arthrosis with distinctive symptoms:

  • Pain when moving, especially when lifting helena descend the stairs.
  • Soreness and under load and at rest, morning stiffness.
  • The patient begins to limp, trying to spare the diseased joint.
  • Severe cases of the disease compels the use of crutches ' helena club.

The third degree of arthrosis of the knee joint is characterized by the almost complete absence of cartilage, which sees to reduce motion of the joint to a minimum. So no arcane methods, super drugs and ointments are not able to restore worn cartilage tissue, and whereas, the degree of deformation of the bones, the normal operation of the joint is impossible. In such a case can help only surgical intervention.

Stage arthrosis

The main thing that determines the success of treatment, extent of disease, i.e. the severity of destructive changes in the knee joints. With the progression of the arthrosis issued the following phases helena grades:

  • In the initial phase, helena 1 degree, it is often called compensated, as they are expressed clinical signs of pathology is not. The patient may experience discomfort in your knees after exercise, which quickly disappears after rest; the joints are not yet fully functional.
  • At 2 degrees of arthrosis, subkompenzované, the symptoms of the disease worsen. Form a significant painful, which, however, docked painkillers, ointments and gels, used locally. Broken motor activity, there is instability of the joint. In the vast majority of cases, the recall of patients to physicians occurs precisely at this stage.
  • 3 stage, decompensated, it can also be called and deforming. The knee joint twisted, unstable, and immobile, totally non-functional. Painful permanent and requires serious medical intervention. To cleanse the joint and move it, the person requesting the stick.

Depending on in what stage is the person asked for help, the specialist developed the schema therapy. Unfortunately, people resort to medical care in most cases when there is pain in the knee already do not pass after taking the usual analgesics helena the use of the ointment.

Symptoms and first signs

Depending on the degree of severity of symptoms development of the disease divided into 3 stages. Symptoms of the early development of gonarthrosis highly variable and has the specifics.

In the first stage of the pathology are possible following symptoms:

  1. knee pain during squats, walk up stairs;
  2. feelings of pain in the joint after prolonged exertion helena cooling;
  3. the knee may ache at the end of the day, helena in the morning;
  4. stiffness and soreness in the morning going through the day-to-day work.

Later symptoms appear, characteristic for 2 and 3 phase (to increase):

  • the pain becomes acute and long-term;
  • swelling in the area of the joint;
  • perhaps the emergence of fluid in the joint;
  • between the articular surfaces for possible violations of the particles of the cartilage, the menisci, the synovial villi, in consequence of which arises a sharp immobility (can still sharply held);
  • it is difficult to tread on the feet;
  • develops immobility of the joint.

The rate of development of degenerative processes and the degree of severity of the symptoms depends on the presence of helena the absence of other traumatic factors. For example, stress helena inflammatory processes in the body will speed up the destructive process.

Diagnosis

For the diagnosis of gonarthrosis use:

  • blood tests (general and biochemical);
  • chest x-rays;
  • arthroscopy;
  • ULTRASOUND;
  • MRI.

The most important diagnostic method for confirmation of the diagnosis of gonarthrosis is radiography. Even if to consider the initial stage of the disease and the condition of the cartilage on x-ray images cannot, however, bone changes 2 and 3 of the stage clearly visible. It:

  1. narrow joint space;
  2. placed around the perimeter of the bone, the edges of the patella, marginal spines – osteophytes;
  3. changes in the periosteum;
  4. changing the height of one of the condyles, and more.

However, in more detail to consider change can be using arthroscopy. With its help it is possible to determine the condition of the cartilage, meniscus, synovium. Its less often used because of the possibility of a strong trauma to the joint, as it is, in fact, it is a mini-operation, which consists of several punctures. Sometimes arthroscopy is used for the treatment of the knee joint (in the case that there is a need to remove a piece of my broken cartilage helena menisci). To determine changes in the soft tissues of the knee joint in early osteoarthritis helps to ULTRASOUND and MRI. These methods are also well show the condition of the cartilage, synovial membrane and fluid.

Movement therapy and exercise in osteoarthritis

Exercise helps to restore the function of the joint and strengthen it. Their processing is necessary slowly and carefully, so as not to cause a sprain and not exceed the permissible load.

The most effective are considered the following exercise:

  1. Slowly alternately raise straight legs, lying on his stomach. In this exercise involved the muscles of the thighs and calves. Cannot be allowed to load when this postponed on the back. To lift the legs too high, too much, not worth it. What is the most important, the tension of the muscles in the upper position;
  2. This exercise similar to the first, only now it is necessary to raise the leg, bent at the knee. In the upper position of the thigh muscles is necessary to specify the tribe. On each leg the exercise it is necessary to perform the same number of reps;
  3. Lying on the floor (on your stomach), lift your legs straight up, and then act in hand and trim sprouts. For this exercise we need strong trained abs, so it is not suitable for all patients. In addition, in its implementation may be as high blood pressure. Patients who suffer from hypertension helena other diseases of the cardiovascular system, it is better to abandon it;
  4. For the execution of the next exercise you need to lie on your side, bend over, lay on the floor of the leg at the knee and the other to slowly lift and hold at the top position. It is important that the angle in the performance at each step was the same;
  5. For this exercise you need a chair. Sitting on it, feet alternately straight, rises up and remains at a maximum possible time of the fixed position;
  6. Useful rise on socks, keeps doing so for the back of the chair, helena bed. As well as when performing other exercises, it is necessary to move in the top position for a few seconds and the extra strain the muscles of the legs;
scheme arthrosis

The doctor performs in the office a few sessions, it will show the basic tricks, to the patient could massage the problematic knee themselves. Competent action to improve the condition of the damaged area.

Physiotherapy treatment

We should not think that the rehabilitation activity is secondary, minor methods of action on the sick joint. In the early stages of the disease physiotherapy gives substantial relief to the patient removes the pain, relaxes muscle spasms, and speeds up the restore function of the knee joint. In addition, some types of physical therapy allow you to enter the active substance through the skin, which sees to reduce the dose of the drug, adopted by the patient inside.

All methods of physiotherapy exposure can be divided into several groups:

  1. That reduce pain;
  2. Reduce inflammation;
  3. Revitalizing nutrition of the joint and speeds up the restore function of the joint.

What kind of influence is needed the patient can identify the doctor on the basis of available symptoms and associated diseases.

Surgery when osteoarthritis

Surgical treatment belongs to the radical methods, partly helena completely regenerating the functioning of the knee joint. Surgical methods of treatment varies from each degree of the intervention into the affected joint.

  1. Arthroscopy belongs to the most sparing methods of surgical treatment. This technique has little trauma and can be used as a therapeutic activity, even in the initial stages of arthrosis. Its main objective is to extend the life of the damaged joint. Performed with arthroscopy using an endoscope – a flexible probe with a camera on the end. In the knee joint are carried out by small punctures, which introduces the endoscope and auxiliary tools. During the surgery removes the damaged part of the tissue, which cause pain. Surgery is the most acceptable for people of a young age and, if necessary, can repeatedly repeat.
  2. The joint belongs to the most radical surgical methods. When this occurs to fully restore the joint function by swapping only the knee joint helena his part of the implant. This method is the best alternative to previously existing methods – fusion (complete immobilization of the damaged joint). Currently, the joint gives up to 90% of positive results and significantly increases the quality of life of patients.
  3. Osteotomy is used in the case, when it is in the joint there have been significant deformation, and joint function noticeably suffer. Osteotomy means the creation of artificial fractures to the bones in a pre-planned place. In the next part of the bones of the map in the correct physiological position and give them a knit. Sometimes in the course of operation can be used artificial clips of the bone fragments, which contribute to a more sustainable condition of the bones.

Diet

As far as a special diet in osteoarthritis, it is, as usual, often is aimed at reducing the weight of the patient, because in the vast majority of cases this much weight, contributes to the congestion of the joints. Food provides food in small portions, about once every 3 hours. For weight reduction in the daily food you need to add lean meat (chicken, turkey, rabbit) and exclude the fat (lamb, pork). Vegetable protein should be taken from the legumes. For compliance with the diet in the diet should be a substitute of refined to unrefined oil, and also reduce the intake of salt.

A therapeutic diet provides, that the rejection of helena, the minimum consumption of preservation, smoked and fried foods (for appetite suppression). In order to restore destroyed cartilage, it is necessary to provide the body with complex carbohydrates (cereals, products made from whole grain flour). In food should be included juices (carrot, beet, apple). They crossed the toxins from your body and reducing the impact of inflammatory processes.

In the diet must be present fish and jelly, which operates some of the cartilage and helps create new cartilage. When it is worth to note that diet cannot assign yourself – the best option may pick up only a doctor-nutritionist (specialist diet).

Sample menu:

  • Breakfast: oatmeal on the water without oil and sugar, fruit juice, boiled eggs;
  • Second breakfast: a glass of low-fat natural yogurt;
  • Lunch: meat helena fish, braised, steamed vegetables, tea without sugar;
  • Snack: cheese baked with nuts, a glass of fruit juice;
  • Dinner: vegetable salad, apple, tea without sugar;
  • The second supper: a glass of low-fat yogurt.

Prevention

Take care of do not exceed your joints, until it is uncomfortable diseases, such as gonarthrosis, it won't bother you. Upon detection of the symptoms of a pathology consult to the doctor at an early stage, while mobility, flexibility of the joint tissue is not completely lost. The late treatment in advanced cases leads to disability.

Warn of diseases of the joints:

  • batch the load on the legs during active sports;
  • take the diet with putting food and dishes that contain calcium, magnesium, gelatin;
  • if the work associated with the raising, movement of the weights, observe safety regulations, wear shipments larger than a certain standard;
  • regularly do self-massage for prevention of arthrosis, especially when a constant load on the legs;
  • correctly eat, limit "harmful" products;
  • control body weight (overweight – the extra burden on the joints);
  • regularly be surveyed, the treatment of acute and chronic diseases.

Attention to the health of the musculoskeletal system ensures activity at any age. In identifying gonartrózaa contact your doctor. Treatment of arthrosis in domestic conditions – a mandatory element of successful treatment.

Weather

Assuming the diagnosis of arthrosis of the knee joint in the initial stages, the removal of the causes of disorders of the process and adequate treatment the prognosis is favorable. Performed therapy gives the opportunity to achieve long-term remission, however, treatment is usually lifelong. In the absence of necessary treatment, as well as failure to comply with the sick doctor's prescription arthrosis of the knee joint becomes a cause of disability.